infection in children and pregnant women attending two selected health facilities in Lagos State, south-western,
Nigeria. A total of 482 patients comprising 252 pregnant women (mean age: 26.86±4.46 years) and 230 children
(mean age 24.31±18.19 months) were sampled between November 2010 and August 2011. The prevalence of infection
observed in this study was 30% and 6.7% by microscopy in children and pregnant women respectively while RDT
showed prevalence of 24.3% and 4.8% in children and pregnant women respectively. The evaluation of RDT showed
high specificity of 95.7% and 98.7% for children and pregnant women respectively and low sensitivity of 71.0% and
52.9% for children and pregnant women respectively. The difference in the prevalence of malaria infection detected by microscopy and RDT was statistically significant (p=0.000). This study showed that RDT was not as sensitive as microscopy in the detection of malaria infection in the study-area.